In 2019, the 350 million border crossings by mainland citizens and 98 million by foreign nationals again reached record highs, continuing a decades-long upward climb interrupted only by China’s strict border-control measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Explore objects and stories from our collection to discover how Manchester's industrial transformation helped shape life as we know it.As China has developed into a global power, it has also increasingly become a nation of people on the move. Today we still feel the impact of Manchester's revolutionary transformation, in the ways we live and work and in the global challenges we face. The consequences of Manchester's growth were dramatic and sometimes dreadful, prompting people in Manchester to innovate and campaign for solutions to the challenges facing the first industrial city. Overcrowded and polluted, industrial Manchester was like nothing ever seen before. Science and industry interacted and overlapped to create an inventive, experimental town.īut innovation and profits went hand in hand with inequality and exploitation, in Manchester's mills, where thousands of workers toiled in time with machines, and on plantations in the Caribbean, South America and the United States, where millions of enslaved people were forced to grow the cotton that supplied them. Makers and profit-seekers developed powered machines and multistorey mills to produce fashionable, valuable cotton cloth to sell across the globe. In the early 19th century, the rapid growth of Manchester's cotton industry drove the town's expansion, putting it at the heart of new, global networks of manufacturing and trade. From its towering mills, bustling warehouses and crowded streets came new ways to live, work and think, which transformed lives in Manchester and across the world. Manchester was the world's first industrial city.
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